Which U.S. agency is primarily responsible for enforcing customs laws?

The agency primarily responsible for enforcing customs laws in the United States is U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP). Established as part of the Department of Homeland Security, CBP plays a crucial role in regulating the flow of goods into the country while ensuring they comply with U.S. laws and regulations. This includes the assessment and collection of tariffs and duties, the enforcement of trade laws, and the prevention of illegal imports.

CBP's comprehensive responsibilities also involve trade facilitation, passenger screening, and border security, making it a pivotal agency in managing customs operations and ensuring that all commercial activities comply with the established legal framework. Through inspections, audits, and investigations, CBP upholds customs policies and protects the economy from illegal goods and practices.

The other agencies listed do not have primary responsibility for customs law enforcement. For instance, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) focuses on consumer protection and antitrust laws; NOAA deals with oceanographic and atmospheric matters, including fisheries and weather; and the Department of Transportation (DOT) oversees transportation infrastructure and safety regulations, rather than customs compliance. This distinction underscores the specialized role that CBP plays in the enforcement of customs laws in the United States.