What does "screening" refer to in customs?

"Screening" in the context of customs refers specifically to the process of inspecting shipments to ensure that they comply with regulations and security concerns. This procedure is essential for maintaining the integrity of the international trade system and protecting national interests. It involves examining cargo, reviewing documents, and conducting risk assessments to identify any potential violations, such as smuggling or incorrect declarations.

By focusing on compliance with laws, regulations, and security protocols, customs officials can mitigate risks associated with illegal activities, such as trafficking or the import of unsafe goods. This careful scrutiny ensures that imports meet all legal requirements and do not pose any threats to health, safety, or national security.

In contrast, the other options address related but distinct activities. Assessing compliance histories of importers involves evaluating past behavior rather than direct shipment inspection. Analyzing market trends for imported goods pertains to understanding economic factors and demand rather than ensuring shipment conformity. Finally, while identifying fraudulent documentation is an aspect of customs enforcement, it is a more specific task than the broader inspection process encapsulated in screening. Therefore, option C accurately captures the essence of what screening entails within the customs framework.